The Effects of Schizophrenia on the Brain Essay -- Biology Biological

The Effects of Schizophrenia on the Brain Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects one to two percent of people worldwide. The disorder can develop as early as the age of five, though it is very rare at such an early age. (3)) Most men become ill between the ages of 16 and 25 whereas most women become ill between the ages of 25 and 30. Even though there are differences in the age of development between the sexes, men and women are equally at risk for schizophrenia. (4) There is of yet no definitive answer as to what causes the disorder. It is believed to be a combination of factors including genetic make-up, pre-natal viruses, and early brain damage which cause neurotransmitter problems in the brain. (3) These problems cause the symptoms of schizophrenia, which include hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking, and unusual speech or behavior. No "cure" has yet been discovered, although many different methods have been tried. Even in these modern times, only one in five affected people fully recovers. (4) The most common treatment is the administration of antipsychotic drugs. Other treatments that were previously used, and are occasionally still given are electro-convulsive therapy, which runs a small amount of electric current through the brain and causes seizures, and large doses of Vitamin B. (3) Due to neurological studies of the brain, antipsychotic drugs have become the most widely used treatments. These studies show that there are widespread abnormalities in the structural connectivity of the brains of affected people. (2) It was noticed that in brains affected with schizophrenia, far more neurotransmitters are released between neurons, which is what causes the symptoms. At first, re... ...scover the cause of schizophrenia. Is it caused by various genes, by a virus, or from trauma? This too is still a mystery. The only thing that is truly known is that the disorder is debilitating and that it affects nearly every portion of the brain. Obviously, much more research still needs to be done to help those who suffer from it. References 1)E-Mental Health, http://www.emental-health.com/schiz_function.htm 2) E-Mental Health, http://www.emental-health.com/schiz_structure.htm 3)National Institute for Mental Health, http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/shcizoph.cfm 4)Psychiatry 24 x 7, http://www.psychiatry24x7.com/bgdisplay.jhtml?itemname=nonprofbackschiz010 5) Society of Neuroscience, http://www.sfn.org/content/Publications/BrainBriefings/schizophrenia.html 6)Health-Center, http://www2.health-center.com/mentalhealth/schizophrenia/causes